（1） Custody and maintenance

保管維護(hù)的目的，是不讓閥門在保管中損壞，或降低質(zhì)量。而實(shí)際上，保管不當(dāng)是閥門損壞的重要原因之一。閥門保管，應(yīng)該井井有條，小閥門放在貨架上，大閥門可在庫(kù)房地面上整齊排列，不能亂堆亂垛，不要讓法蘭連接面接觸地面。這不僅為了美觀，主要是保護(hù)閥門不致碰壞。由于保管和搬運(yùn)不當(dāng)，手輪打碎，閥桿碰歪，手輪與閥桿的固定螺母松脫丟失等等，這些不必要的損失，應(yīng)該避免。對(duì)短期內(nèi)暫不使用的閥門，應(yīng)取出石棉填料，以免產(chǎn)生電化學(xué)腐蝕，損壞閥桿。對(duì)剛進(jìn)庫(kù)的閥門，要進(jìn)行檢查，如在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中進(jìn)了雨水或污物，要擦試干凈，再予存放。閥門進(jìn)出口要用蠟紙或塑料片封住，以防進(jìn)去臟東西。對(duì)能在大氣中生銹的閥門加工面要涂防銹油，加以保護(hù)。放置室外的閥門，需要蓋上油氈或苫布之類防雨、防塵物品。存放閥門的倉(cāng)庫(kù)要保持清潔干燥。

The purpose of storage and maintenance is not to damage the valve or reduce the quality during storage. In fact, improper storage is one of the important reasons for valve damage. Valves shall be kept in good order. Small valves shall be placed on the shelf, and large valves can be arranged neatly on the floor of the warehouse. They shall not be stacked disorderly, and the flange connection surface shall not contact the ground. This is not only for beauty, but also to protect the valve from damage. Due to improper storage and handling, the hand wheel is broken, the valve rod is crooked, and the fixing nut between the hand wheel and the valve rod is loose and lost. These unnecessary losses should be avoided. For valves that are not used for a short time, asbestos packing shall be taken out to avoid electrochemical corrosion and damage to the valve stem. Check the valves that have just entered the warehouse. If rain or dirt enters during transportation, wipe them clean and then store them. The inlet and outlet of the valve shall be sealed with wax paper or plastic sheet to prevent dirt from entering. The machined surface of the valve that can rust in the atmosphere shall be coated with antirust oil for protection. The valves placed outdoors need to be covered with rain proof and dust-proof articles such as linoleum or tarpaulin. The warehouse for storing valves shall be kept clean and dry.

(二)使用維護(hù)

（2） Use and maintenance

使用維護(hù)的目的，在于延長(zhǎng)閥門壽命和保證啟閉可靠。閥桿螺紋，經(jīng)常與閥桿螺母摩擦，要涂一點(diǎn)黃干油、二硫化鉬或石墨粉，起潤(rùn)滑作用。不經(jīng)常啟閉的閥門，也要定期轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手輪，對(duì)閥桿螺紋添加潤(rùn)滑劑，以防咬住。室外閥門，要對(duì)閥桿加保護(hù)套，以防雨、雪、塵土銹污。如閥門系機(jī)械待動(dòng)，要按時(shí)對(duì)變速箱添加潤(rùn)滑油。

The purpose of use and maintenance is to prolong the service life of the valve and ensure reliable opening and closing. The thread of the valve rod often rubs with the valve rod nut, and a little yellow dry oil, molybdenum disulfide or graphite powder shall be coated for lubrication. For valves that do not open and close frequently, the hand wheel should also be turned regularly to add lubricant to the stem threads to prevent biting. For outdoor valves, the valve stem shall be protected from rain, snow, dust and rust. If the valve is a mechanical standby, add lubricating oil to the gearbox on time.

(三)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中閥門的維護(hù)

（3） Maintenance of valves in operation

1、清掃

1. Sweep

閥門的表面、閥桿和閥桿螺母上的梯形螺紋、閥桿螺母與支架滑動(dòng)部位以及齒輪、蝸輪蝸桿等部件，容易沾積許多灰塵、油污以及介質(zhì)殘留等贓物，對(duì)閥門會(huì)產(chǎn)生磨損和腐蝕。因此經(jīng)常保持閥門外部和活動(dòng)部位的清潔，保護(hù)閥門油漆的完整，顯然是十分重要的。閥門上的灰塵適用于毛刷拂掃和壓縮空氣吹掃;梯形螺紋和齒間的贓物適用于抹布擦洗;閥門上的油污和殘留適用于蒸汽吹掃，甚至用銅絲刷洗，直至加工面、配合面顯出金屬光澤，油漆面顯出油漆本色為止。疏水閥應(yīng)有專人負(fù)責(zé)，每班至少檢查一次，定期打開(kāi)沖洗閥和疏水閥底的堵頭進(jìn)行沖洗，或定期拆卸沖洗，以免贓物堵塞閥門。

The surface of the valve, the trapezoidal thread on the valve stem and the valve stem nut, the sliding part of the valve stem nut and the support, as well as the gear, worm gear and other parts are easy to accumulate a lot of dirt such as dust, oil stain and medium residue, which will cause wear and corrosion to the valve. Therefore, it is obviously very important to keep the outside and moving parts of the valve clean and protect the integrity of the valve paint. The dust on the valve is suitable for brush brushing and compressed air purging; The dirt between trapezoidal threads and teeth is suitable for wiping with rags; The oil stain and residue on the valve are suitable for steam purging and even brushing with copper wire until the machined surface and mating surface show metallic luster and the painted surface shows the natural color of paint. The drain valve shall be in the charge of a specially assigned person, and shall be inspected at least once per shift. The flushing valve and the plug at the bottom of the drain valve shall be opened regularly for flushing, or the valve shall be disassembled and flushed regularly to prevent dirt from blocking the valve.

2、閥門的潤(rùn)滑

2. Lubrication of valves

閥門梯形螺紋、閥桿螺母與支架滑動(dòng)部位，軸承部位、齒輪和蝸輪、蝸桿的嚙合部位以及其它配合活動(dòng)部位，都需要良好的潤(rùn)滑條件，減少相互間的摩擦，避免相互磨損。有的部位專門設(shè)有油杯或油嘴，若在運(yùn)行中損壞或丟失，應(yīng)修配齊，油路要通暢。潤(rùn)滑部位應(yīng)按具體情況定期加油。經(jīng)常開(kāi)啟的、溫度高的閥門適于間隔一周至一個(gè)月加油一次;不經(jīng)常開(kāi)啟、溫度不高的閥門加油周期可長(zhǎng)一些。

The trapezoidal thread of the valve, the sliding part of the valve stem nut and the support, the bearing part, the meshing part of the gear, worm gear and worm and other cooperative moving parts all need good lubrication conditions to reduce mutual friction and avoid mutual wear. Some parts are specially equipped with oil cups or nozzles. If they are damaged or lost during operation, they should be repaired and equipped, and the oil circuit should be unobstructed. Lubricating parts shall be lubricated regularly according to specific conditions. Frequently opened valves with high temperature are suitable for refueling once a week to a month; If the valve is not opened frequently and the temperature is not high, the refueling cycle can be longer.

潤(rùn)滑劑可以是機(jī)油、黃油、二硫化鉬和石墨等。高溫閥門不適于用機(jī)油、黃油，它們會(huì)因高溫熔化而流失，而適于注入二硫化鉬和抹擦石墨粉劑。對(duì)裸露在外的需要潤(rùn)滑的部位，如梯形螺紋、齒輪等部位，若采用黃油等油脂，容易沾染灰塵，而采用二硫化鉬和石墨粉潤(rùn)滑，則不容易沾染灰塵，潤(rùn)滑效果比黃好。石墨粉不容易直接涂抹，可用少許機(jī)油或水調(diào)合成膏狀使用。注油密封的旋塞閥應(yīng)按照規(guī)定時(shí)間注油，否則容易磨損和泄漏。

Lubricants can be engine oil, butter, molybdenum disulfide and graphite. High temperature valves are not suitable for oil and butter, which will be lost due to high temperature melting, but suitable for injecting molybdenum disulfide and wiping graphite powder. For exposed parts requiring lubrication, such as trapezoidal threads, gears and other parts, if grease such as butter is used, it is easy to be contaminated with dust, while molybdenum disulfide and graphite powder are used for lubrication, it is not easy to be contaminated with dust, and the lubrication effect is better than yellow. Graphite powder is not easy to apply directly. It can be mixed with a little oil or water to form a paste. The plug valve with oil filling seal shall be filled with oil according to the specified time, otherwise it is easy to wear and leak.

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